Seaded — raadio ja kasutaja
Configure your node’s user identity, region and LoRa parameters, position and power behavior, network and Bluetooth connectivity, and security settings.
How these screens work
Everything here is on the Settings screen. User, LoRa, Channels and Security are listed there directly. Device, Position, Power, Network, Display and Bluetooth are one level down, under Settings → Device configuration. Network appears only on nodes with Wi-Fi or Ethernet, and Bluetooth only on nodes with Bluetooth.
Seaded kasutavad standardseid eelistuste juhtelemente – rippmenüüsid, lülitid ja liugurid:
| Control | Screenshot |
|---|---|
| Dropdown |  |
| Toggle |  |
| Slider |  |
Kasutaja seaded
Kasutajaprofiil
On Settings → User.
| Sätted | Kirjeldus |
|---|---|
| Täis nimi | Your display name (up to 39 characters) |
| Lühi nimi | 4-character abbreviated name |
| Oleku teavitus | A short, public free-text status other nodes display alongside your node — up to 80 bytes, cleared with the ✕ in the field. The node broadcasts it to the mesh when you change it and again every 12 hours. Needs firmware 2.8 or newer, and is absent otherwise |
| Ei võta sõnumeid vastu | Marks the node as one nobody should try to message — for an unmonitored or infrastructure node. Other clients hide it from the contact list. Needs supporting firmware |
| Licensed amateur node (Ham) | Enable if you hold an amateur node license (permits higher power). Turning it on is staged behind a confirmation dialog. On your own node it then relabels Long Name as Call sign and adds a separate Long Name field; over remote admin the field stays Long Name |
Applying changes
The footer appears as soon as you change something. Discard throws the change away, and the other button writes it to the node: it reads Save & restart on the screens the firmware applies with a reboot — Position, Network, Bluetooth, Security, and most module screens — and Save everywhere else.
The status message is saved with the same Save, but it never reboots the node — and, like the rest of this screen, it can be edited on a remote node you administer. For your own node there is a shortcut while it is connected: touch & hold your node in the node list and choose Update status. Older firmware and a disconnected node have no shortcut — the field itself is still the way in.
Sätted
Seadme sätted
On Settings → Device configuration → Device.
| Sätted | Kirjeldus | Vaikimisi |
|---|---|---|
| Seadme roll | Node behavior. The picker lists the firmware names (CLIENT, ROUTER, ROUTER_LATE, TAK, and so on), and the description of whichever role is selected appears under the field. Choosing ROUTER or ROUTER_LATE asks you to confirm you have read the device-role guidance first | CLIENT |
| Kordusülekannete režiim | How the node retransmits messages. As with the role, the picker lists the firmware names and describes only the selected one | ALL |
| Sõlme teabe edastamise intervall | How often the node re-announces itself. A dropdown of fixed intervals — Unset, then 3 to 72 hours — not a value you type in seconds | 3 hours |
| Topeltpuudutus nupuna | Treat a double tap as a button press | Keelatud |
| Kolmekordne klõps Ad Hoc Ping | Send an ad-hoc position ping on a triple click | Lubatud |
| Südamelöögi LED | Blink the status LED periodically | Lubatud |
| Ajavöönd | POSIX time-zone string for the device clock, with buttons to copy your phone’s zone or clear it | — |
| Button / Buzzer GPIO | Advanced: which pins the button and buzzer are wired to | — |
LoRa sätted
On Settings → LoRa.
| Sätted | Kirjeldus | Vaikimisi |
|---|---|---|
| Regioon | Regulatory region for frequency bands. You must set this before transmitting. On firmware 2.8 or newer, the first region set also creates the node’s identity key and gives it a new node number | Määramata (tuleb seadistada) |
| Eelseadistused | Speed/range tradeoff | LongFast |
| Hüpete arv | Maks uuesti saadetud hüpet | 3 |
| Transmit Power (dBm) | Transmission power; 0 = max allowed for region | 0 (regiooni maks) |
| Tühista sagedus | Overrides the computed operating frequency outright (MHz). It doesn’t offset the calculated value — leave at 0 unless you know you need a specific frequency | 0 (use calculated) |
| Kasuta eelseadistust | On by default. Turn it off to set Spread Factor, Coding Rate and Bandwidth by hand instead of taking them from the modem preset | On |
| Coding Rate Override | Preset mode only, firmware 2.7.18 or newer: raises the preset’s coding rate for more error correction while keeping its bandwidth and spread factor. Only rates above the preset’s own are offered, and a preset already at 4/8 has none. Nodes on the same preset still hear each other, but every packet takes longer on air and uses more of the duty cycle. Switching to a preset that already meets the override resets it to the preset default | Preset default |
| Levitustegur | Manual mode only: 5–12. Higher spreads further but slower. On SX127x (RF95) radios the firmware doesn’t accept 5 or 6 and uses 11 instead | From preset |
| Kodeerimiskiirus | Manual mode only: 5–8. More redundancy costs airtime | From preset |
| Ribalaius | Manual mode only: the channel bandwidth in kHz, typed in directly. On the 2.4 GHz region the app offers a list of the bandwidths your node supports instead, and a stored value that isn’t on that list shows as Unsupported and blocks saving until you pick a supported one | From preset |
| Sageduspesa | Which slot within the region’s band to use. 0 derives it from the primary channel name | 0 (automatic) |
| Edastus lubatud | Turning this off makes the node receive-only | On |
| Töötsükli tühistamine | Ignores the region’s duty-cycle limit. Illegal in most regions; turn it on only where your license permits | Väljas |
| Keela MQTT | Drop packets that arrived from MQTT rather than over the air. The firmware turns this on for you whenever you set a region that has a duty-cycle limit — the EU bands, Thailand, and Ukraine 433 | Off, until you set a duty-cycle-limited region |
| Ok MQTTi | Allow your packets to be forwarded to MQTT by gateways | Väljas |
| RX võimendatud võimendus | Extra receive gain on SX126x radios; costs a little current | Väljas |
| PA ventilaator keelatud | Turn off the power-amplifier fan on hardware that has one | Väljas |
The preset list is also filtered to what your region legally permits, so a preset allowed in one region doesn’t appear in another. Changing region can therefore leave your current preset illegal — the app repairs it for you, switching to the region’s own default rather than leaving an unusable setting in place. The region list itself is filtered by what your firmware supports, so the newer regions appear only on 2.8 or later, alongside whichever region the node already has set.
Some regions are amateur-node allocations whose presets only licensed operators may use. On firmware 2.8 or newer the app knows which regions those are and grays the whole Presets list out until Licensed amateur node (Ham) is turned on for the node you are configuring; the text under the field says so while it is grayed out.
⚠️ Important: Operating without the correct region may violate local radio regulations. Lisateabe saamiseks vaadake regiooni seadistamise juhendit aadressil meshtastic.org.
Modem presets
The Lite, Narrow, Medium Turbo, and Tiny presets need firmware 2.8 or newer — the app hides them on older nodes.
💡 Vihje: SNR-i piirväärtused on meelega negatiivsed. LoRa can decode signals below the noise floor, so a more-negative limit means the preset tolerates a weaker, noisier signal (more range). See How the Signal Meter Works for the full explanation.
| Preset | Range | Kiirus | SNR limiit | Parim |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short Turbo | ~1 km | 21,9 kbps | −7,5 dB | Dense urban with line-of-sight; data-heavy applications |
| Short Fast | ~3 km | 10,9 kbps | −7,5 dB | Linnaosad; hooned mõne kvartali raadiuses |
| Short Slow | ~5 km | 6.25 kbps | −10 dB | Äärelinna lühimaa; mõõdukas hoonestustihedus |
| Medium Fast | ~5 km | 3.52 kbps | −12,5 dB | Suburban areas; moderate building density |
| Medium Slow | ~8 km | 1.95 kbps | −15 dB | Suburban/rural; moderate range with slower speed |
| Long Turbo | ~10 km | 1.34 kbps | −17,5 dB | Sarnane ulatus kui Pikk Kauge, aga 500 kHz ribalaiusega; kiirem läbilaskevõime |
| Long Fast | ~10 km | 1,1 kbps | −17,5 dB | General use (default) — balanced range and speed |
| Long Moderate | ~20 km | 0,34 kbps | −17,5 dB | Maapiirkond, mõningase maastikuga; aeg-ajalt kasutatav |
| Lite Fast | ~5 km | 1.76 kbps | −12,5 dB | EL 866 MHz SRD sagedusala (125 kHz ribalaius); võrreldav Medium Fast |
| Lite Slow | ~10 km | 0.98 kbps | −15 dB | EL 866 MHz SRD sagedusala (125 kHz ribalaius); võrreldav Long Fast |
| Narrow Fast | ~5 km | 2.28 kbps | −7,5 dB | EL 868 MHz sagedusala (62,5 kHz sagedusriba); väldib häireid teiste seadmetega |
| Narrow Slow | ~10 km | 1.30 kbps | −10 dB | EL 868 MHz sagedusala (62,5 kHz ribalaius); võrreldav Long Fast |
| Medium Turbo | ~5 km | 7.0 kbps | −12,5 dB | Like Medium Fast but with 500 kHz bandwidth; not legal in every region. Needs firmware 2.8 or newer |
| Tiny Fast | ~10 km | 0.68 kbps | −7,5 dB | Amateur bands that cap occupied bandwidth; these presets use 15.6 kHz. Needs firmware 2.8 or newer, an SX126x or SX127x radio, and a TCXO of ±5 ppm or better |
| Tiny Slow | ~20 km | 0.33 kbps | −10 dB | Same band restrictions as Tiny Fast, longer range. Same firmware, node, and TCXO requirements |
| ~30 km | 0,18 kbps | −20 dB | ⚠️ Vananenud — endiselt valitav, kuid võidakse tulevases püsivara versioonis eemaldada | |
| ~40+ km | 0,09 kbps | −20 dB | ⚠️ Vananenud — endiselt valitav, kuid võidakse tulevases püsivara versioonis eemaldada |
ℹ️ Märkus: Selles tabelis kasutatakse üldlevinud lühinimesid. The app’s Presets dropdown lists the raw firmware names instead —
SHORT_FAST,LONG_FAST,LITE_FAST,NARROW_FAST, and so on. Local Mesh Discovery shows the same presets as Long Fast and Short Turbo.
Choosing a modem preset
The modem preset controls the fundamental tradeoff between range and data rate:
- Slower presets use more spreading, making signals decodable at weaker signal levels (lower SNR limit). See tähendab pikemat ulatust, aga vähem baite sekundis.
- Faster presets pack more data per transmission but require a stronger signal to decode.
Practical guidance:
- Linnavõrk (palju sõlmi, lühikesed vahemaad): Kasutage valikut Long Fast (vaikimisi) või Short Fast. Suurem kiirus tähendab väiksemat eetriaega, kui kanalit jagavad paljud sõlmed.
- Rural/sparse mesh (few nodes, long distances): Use Long Moderate. Range matters more than speed when nodes are far apart.
- Vastavus EL 866/868 MHz regulatsioonidele: Kasuta Lite Fast, Lite Slow, Narrow Fast või Narrow Slow – need on optimeeritud kitsama ribalaiusega EL SRD/868 MHz sagedusaladele.
- Fikseeritud taristuühendused: Kasutage Short Turbo või Long Turbo spetsiaalsete punkt-punkti ühenduste jaoks, millel on head antennid ja otsenähtavus.
- Mixed environments: Stick with Long Fast — it’s the community default and ensures compatibility with others in your area.
All nodes on the same channel must use the same modem preset. Nodes with mismatched presets can’t communicate even if they share the same frequency and encryption key.
The range estimates in the Modem Presets table assume flat terrain and modest antennas. Kõrguse eelis (mäetipp, katus) suurendab märgatavalt efektiivset ulatust. A well-placed Router with Long Fast can often outperform a ground-level node with Long Slow.
Ekraani sätted
On Settings → Device configuration → Display. These control the node’s own screen, not the app’s.
| Sätted | Kirjeldus |
|---|---|
| Ekraan sisse lülitatud | How long the display stays lit before sleeping |
| Karusselli intervall | How often the node cycles between screens on its own |
| Ekraani režiim | Screen layout/density used by the firmware |
| Ekraani ühikud | Metric or Imperial on the node’s screen |
| Kasuta 12 tunni formaati | Show the node’s clock as 12-hour rather than 24-hour |
| Paks pealkiri | Draw the screen’s heading text in bold |
| Keera ekraani | Rotate the display 180° for an inverted mounting |
| OLED tüüp | Six values, shown as the raw constants: OLED_AUTO, OLED_SSD1306, OLED_SH1106, OLED_SH1107, OLED_SH1107_128_128, OLED_SH1107_ROTATED |
| Ärata puudutusega või liigutusega | Light the screen when the node is tapped or moved |
| Kompassi suund | Rotation offset for the compass rose. Eight values, shown as the raw constants DEGREES_0 through DEGREES_270 plus an _INVERTED variant of each |
| Suund alati põhi | Locks the compass rose north-up instead of rotating it with your heading. Independent of Compass orientation — neither replaces the other |
Asukoha sätted
On Settings → Device configuration → Position.
| Sätted | Kirjeldus |
|---|---|
| GPS-režiim (riistvara) | Three-state: GPS enabled, disabled, or not present. Not a simple on/off |
| GPS-i küsimise intervall | How often the node asks its GPS for a fix |
| Levitamise inteintervall | How often the position is shared with the mesh |
| Nutikas asukoht | Broadcast based on movement rather than purely on the clock |
| Nutikas intervall | With Smart Position on, the shortest gap between broadcasts |
| Nutikas kaugus | With Smart Position on, how far you must move before broadcasting |
| Määratud asukoht | Use a manually entered latitude, longitude and altitude instead of the GPS |
| Asukoha lipp | A group of toggles choosing which fields ride along with a position — altitude, its reference and precision, satellites in view, timestamp, and so on |
| GPS EN / Receive / Transmit GPIO | Advanced: the pins the GPS module is wired to |
Toite sätted
On Settings → Device configuration → Power.
| Sätted | Kirjeldus |
|---|---|
| Luba energiasäästurežiim | Let the node sleep aggressively between activity |
| Väljalülitamine voolukatkestuse korral | Power the device down after external power disappears |
| Super sügava une kestus | How long the deepest sleep state lasts |
| Minimaalne ärkveloleku aeg | The shortest time the node stays awake once woken |
| Oota Bluetoothi kestust | How long to wait for a phone to connect before sleeping |
| ADC kordaja tühistamine | Turn on a manual correction for battery-voltage readings |
| Asenda ADC kordistaja suhe | The correction factor itself, used only when the override is on |
| Aku INA_2XX I2C aadress | Address of an external INA-series power sensor, if fitted |
Võrgu sätted
On Settings → Device configuration → Network, on nodes with Wi-Fi or Ethernet.
⚠️ Warning: Turning on Wi-Fi enabled or Ethernet enabled ends the Bluetooth connection between your phone and the node. Reconnect over the network afterwards from the Connections screen, or turn Wi-Fi off again from the node’s own screen or over USB. Saving this screen also always reboots the node.
| Sätted | Kirjeldus |
|---|---|
| Wi-Fi enabled | Enable the Wi-Fi node (ESP32 nodes) |
| SSID | Network name to connect to. Appears only once Wi-Fi enabled is on, along with Password. Scan Wi-Fi QR code fills both from a standard Wi-Fi QR code; on Android, holding the phone against a Wi-Fi NFC tag while this screen is open fills them the same way, and the app offers to open system settings if NFC is turned off |
| Parool | Network password |
| Ethernet lubatud | Use a wired connection on hardware that has one |
| IPv4 režiim | DHCP, or a static address configured with the four fields that follow |
| Wi-Fi IP / Subnet / Gateway / DNS | The static address, only used when IPv4 mode is static |
| UDP levitamine | Share mesh traffic with other nodes over the local network |
| NTP server | Time synchronization server |
| rsyslog server | Kauglogimise server |
Sinihamba sätted
On Settings → Device configuration → Bluetooth, on nodes with Bluetooth.
| Sätted | Kirjeldus |
|---|---|
| Sinihammas lubatud | Enable/disable BLE radio |
| Sidumine | Määratud PIN kood, juhuslik PIN kood või PIN koodi pole |
| Fikseeritud PIN | PIN code for pairing. Must be exactly six digits — the field rejects anything else |
Turva sätted
On Settings → Security. The screen is grouped into cards: Packet authenticity, Direct Message Key (your node’s key pair), Admin Keys, Logs, and Administration.
| Sätted | Kirjeldus |
|---|---|
| Avalik võti | Sinu sõlme avalik võti (kirjutuskaitstud) |
| Administraatori võti | Keys permitted to administer this node remotely — up to three |
| Salajane võti | Your node’s private key (handle securely). Shown redacted when you are viewing another node over remote admin — the firmware doesn’t send it |
| Loo uus privaatvõti | Issues a new keypair for this node, behind a confirmation. Every peer that knew your old key must learn the new one |
| ⚠️ Eemaldatud — nüüd seadistatakse automaatselt, kui administraatori võti on määratud | |
| Jadapordi konsool | Serial console over the Stream API |
| Silumislogi API lubatud | Output live debug logging over serial, and view and export position-redacted node logs over Bluetooth |
| Hallatud režiim | Locks the whole Configuration list, not just channels — every setting on the node becomes read-only and only an admin can change anything. Only selectable once an Admin Key is set |
| Taastevõtmed | Save an encrypted backup of the node’s keys on this phone (only for your own node) |
| Taasta võtmed | Kirjuta varundatud võtmed tagasi sõlme (saadaval siis, kui varukoopia on olemas) |
| Kustuta taastevõtmed | Remove the stored key backup from this phone |
| Kaitsetase | How unsigned or relayed packets are treated: Strict — Require authentication, Balanced — Prefer authenticated, or Compatible — Accept unsigned (requires supporting firmware; Strict asks for confirmation) |
Lockdown Mode
Lockdown encrypts the device’s storage and requires a passphrase for each connection. It needs supporting firmware; the row doesn’t appear otherwise.
Enabling it asks you to set and confirm a passphrase, and to acknowledge that it locks the debug (SWD) port on hardware where the lockout takes effect. That part isn’t reversible from the app. Turning lockdown off later decrypts your storage and reboots the device, but the port stays locked. Reopening it takes a full chip erase with a debug probe, which destroys everything on the device.
Alongside the passphrase you set the limits that end a session automatically:
| Field | What it does |
|---|---|
| Käivitusi alles | How many device boots the unlocked state survives |
| Tunde kuni kehtivusaja lõpuni | Wall-clock lifetime of the unlocked state |
| Seansi limiit (minutid) | A per-boot uptime cap on the unlocked state. 0, the default, means no cap |
Once active, the row reads Active — storage encrypted, this connection authenticated when unlocked, or Active — enter your passphrase to unlock this connection when not. Lock Now ends the current session immediately. Repeated wrong passphrases are rate-limited with a back-off before you can try again.
⚠️ Warning: There is no passphrase recovery. Losing it means erasing the device to get it back, which destroys its keys, channels and settings.
Seotud teemad
- Seaded — moodulid ja admin — valikulised funktsioonimoodulid ja seadme haldamine
- Signal Meter — how modem presets affect signal quality thresholds
- LoRa konfiguratsioon — üksikasjalik LoRa sätete juhend aadressil meshtastic.org
- Esialgne konfiguratsioon — piirkonna seadistamise juhend meshtastic.org lehel